sqlserver巧用row_number和partition by分组取top数据


分组取TOP数据是T-SQL中的常用查询, 如学生信息管理系统中取出每个学科前3名的学生 。这种查询在SQL Server 2005之前,写起来很繁琐,需要用到临时表关联查询才能取到 。SQL Server 2005后之后,引入了row_number()函数,row_number()函数的分组排序功能使这种操作变得非常简单 。下面是一个简单示例:
复制代码 代码如下:

--1.创建测试表
create table #score
(
name varchar(20),
subject varchar(20),
score int
)
--2.插入测试数据
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values(张三,语文,98)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values(张三,数学,80)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values(张三,英语,90)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values(李四,语文,88)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values(李四,数学,86)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values(李四,英语,88)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values(李明,语文,60)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values(李明,数学,86)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values(李明,英语,88)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values(林风,语文,74)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values(林风,数学,99)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values(林风,英语,59)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values(严明,英语,96)
--3.取每个学科的前3名数据
select * from
(
select subject,name,score,ROW_NUMBER() over(PARTITION by subject order by score desc) as num from #score
) T where T.num <= 3 order by subject
--4.删除临时表
truncate table #score
drop table #score

语法形式:ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY COL1 ORDER BY COL2)
解释:根据COL1分组,在分组内部根据 COL2排序,而此函数计算的值就表示每组内部排序后的顺序编号(组内连续的唯一的)