了解了这些才能开始发挥jQuery的威力 |
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本文标签:jQuery,威力 由于当前jQuery如此的如雷贯耳,相信不用介绍什么是jQuery了,公司代码中广泛应用了jQuery,但我在看一些小朋友的代码时发现一个问题,小朋友们使用的仅仅是jQuery的皮毛,只是使用id选择器与attr方法,还有几个动画,如果只是如此,相比于其带来的开销,其实还不如不使用,下面介绍几个jQuery常用的方法,来让jQuery的威力发挥出来,否则只用有限的几个方法,相对于运行速度问题,真不如不用jQuery 。 jQuery如此之好用,和其在获取对象时使用与CSS选择器兼容的语法有很大关系,毕竟CSS选择器大家都很熟悉(关于CSS选择器可以看看十分钟搞定CSS选择器),但其强大在兼容了CSS3的选择器,甚至多出了很多 。 选择器
筛选方法 .find(selector) 查找集合每个元素的子节点 Get the descendants(子节点) of each element in the current set of matched elements, filtered by a selector, jQuery object, or element. 复制代码 代码如下: $(li.item-ii).find(li).css(background-color, red);
.filter(selector) 过滤当前集合内元素 Reduce(减少) the set of matched elements to those that match the selector or pass the functions test. 复制代码 代码如下: $(li).filter(:even).css(background-color, red);
基本方法 .ready(handler) 文档加载完成后执行的方法,区别于window.onload Specify a function to execute when the DOM is fully loaded. 复制代码 代码如下: $(document).ready(function() { // Handler for .ready() called. }); .each(function(index,element)) 遍历集合内每个元素 Iterate over a jQuery object, executing a function for each matched element. 复制代码 代码如下: $("li" ).each(function( index ) { console.log( index + ": " + $(this).text() ); }); jQuery.extend( target [, object1 ] [, objectN ] ) 合并对象 Merge the contents of two or more objects together into the first object. 复制代码 代码如下: var object = $.extend({}, object1, object2);
获取元素 .eq(index) 按index获取jQuery对象集合中的某个特定jQuery对象 Reduce the set of matched elements to the one at the specified index. .eq(-index) 按逆序index获取jQuery对象集合中的某个特定jQuery对象 An integer indicating the position of the element, counting backwards from the last element in the set. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "li" ).eq( 2 ).css( "background-color", "red" ); .get(index) 获取jQuery集合对象中某个特定index的DOM对象(将jQuery对象自动转换为DOM对象) Retrieve one of the DOM elements matched by the jQuery object. 复制代码 代码如下: console.log( $( "li" ).get( -1 ) );
.get() 将jQuery集合对象转换为DOM集合对象并返回 Retrieve the DOM elements matched by the jQuery object. 复制代码 代码如下: console.log( $( "li" ).get() ); .index() / .index(selector)/ .index(element) 从给定集合中查找特定元素index Search for a given element from among the matched elements. 1. 没参数返回第一个元素index 2.如果参数是DOM对象或者jQuery对象,则返回参数在集合中的index 3.如果参数是选择器,返回第一个匹配元素index,没有找到返回-1 复制代码 代码如下: var listItem = $( "#bar" ); alert( "Index: " + $( "li" ).index( listItem ) ); .clone([withDataAndEvents][,deepWithDataAndEvents]) 创建jQuery集合的一份deep copy(子元素也会被复制),默认不copy对象的shuju和绑定事件 Create a deep copy of the set of matched elements. 复制代码 代码如下: $( ".hello" ).clone().appendTo( ".goodbye" );
.parent([selector]) 获取jQuery对象符合selector的父元素 Get the parent of each element in the current set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "li.item-a" ).parent(ul).css( "background-color", "red" );
.parents([selector]) 获取jQuery对象符合选择器的祖先元素 Get the ancestors of each element in the current set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "span.selected" ) .parents( "div" ) .css( "border", "2px red solid" )
插入元素 .append(content[,content]) / .append(function(index,html)) 向对象尾部追加内容 Insert content, specified by the parameter, to the end of each element in the set of matched elements. 1. 可以一次添加多个内容,内容可以是DOM对象、HTML string、 jQuery对象 2. 如果参数是function,function可以返回DOM对象、HTML string、 jQuery对象,参数是集合中的元素位置与原来的html值 复制代码 代码如下: $( ".inner" ).append( "<p>Test</p>" ); $( "body" ).append( $newdiv1, [ newdiv2, existingdiv1 ] ); $( "p" ).append( "<strong>Hello</strong>" ); $( "p" ).append( $( "strong" ) ); $( "p" ).append( document.createTextNode( "Hello" ) ); .appendTo(target) 把对象插入到目标元素尾部,目标元素可以是selector, DOM对象, HTML string, 元素集合,jQuery对象; Insert every element in the set of matched elements to the end of the target. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "h2" ).appendTo( $( ".container" ) ); $( "<p>Test</p>" ).appendTo( ".inner" ); .prepend(content[,content]) / .prepend(function(index,html)) 向对象头部追加内容,用法和append类似 Insert content, specified by the parameter, to the beginning of each element in the set of matched elements. 复制代码 代码如下: $( ".inner" ).prepend( "<p>Test</p>" );
.prependTo(target) 把对象插入到目标元素头部,用法和prepend类似 Insert every element in the set of matched elements to the beginning of the target. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "<p>Test</p>" ).prependTo( ".inner" );
.before([content][,content]) / .before(function) 在对象前面(不是头部,而是外面,和对象并列同级)插入内容,参数和append类似 Insert content, specified by the parameter, before each element in the set of matched elements. 复制代码 代码如下: $( ".inner" ).before( "<p>Test</p>" ); $( ".container" ).before( $( "h2" ) ); $( "p" ).first().before( newdiv1, [ newdiv2, existingdiv1 ] ); $( "p" ).before( "<b>Hello</b>" ); $( "p" ).before( document.createTextNode( "Hello" ) ); .insertBefore(target) 把对象插入到target之前(同样不是头部,是同级) Insert every element in the set of matched elements before the target. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "h2" ).insertBefore( $( ".container" ) );
.after([content][,content]) / .after(function(index)) 和before相反,在对象后面(不是尾部,而是外面,和对象并列同级)插入内容,参数和append类似 Insert content, specified by the parameter, after each element in the set of matched elements. 复制代码 代码如下: $( ".inner" ).after( "<p>Test</p>" ); $( "p" ).after( document.createTextNode( "Hello" ) ); .insertAfter(target) 和insertBefore相反,把对象插入到target之后(同样不是尾部,是同级) Insert every element in the set of matched elements after the target. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "<p>Test</p>" ).insertAfter( ".inner" ); $( "p" ).insertAfter( "#foo" ); 包裹元素 .wrap(wrappingElement) / .wrap(function(index)) 为每个对象包裹一层HTML结构,可以是selector, element, HTML string, jQuery object Wrap an HTML structure around each element in the set of matched elements. 复制代码 代码如下: <div class="container"> <div class="inner">Hello</div> <div class="inner">Goodbye</div> </div>$( ".inner" ).wrap( "<div class=new></div>" ); <div class="container"> <div class="new"> <div class="inner">Hello</div> </div> <div class="new"> <div class="inner">Goodbye</div> </div> </div> .wrapAll(wrappingElement) 把所有匹配对象包裹在同一个HTML结构中 Wrap an HTML structure around all elements in the set of matched elements. 复制代码 代码如下: <div class="container"> <div class="inner">Hello</div> <div class="inner">Goodbye</div> </div>$( ".inner" ).wrapAll( "<div class=new />");<div class="container"> <div class="new"> <div class="inner">Hello</div> <div class="inner">Goodbye</div> </div> </div> .wrapInner(wrappingElement) / .wrapInner(function(index)) 包裹匹配元素内容,这个不好说,一看例子就懂 Wrap an HTML structure around the content of each element in the set of matched elements. 复制代码 代码如下: <div class="container"> <div class="inner">Hello</div> <div class="inner">Goodbye</div> </div>$( ".inner" ).wrapInner( "<div class=new></div>"); <div class="container"> <div class="inner"> <div class="new">Hello</div> </div> <div class="inner"> <div class="new">Goodbye</div> </div> </div> .unwap() 把DOM元素的parent移除 Remove the parents of the set of matched elements from the DOM, leaving the matched elements in their place. 复制代码 代码如下: pTags = $( "p" ).unwrap();
属性方法 .val() 获取元素的value值 Get the current value of the first element in the set of matched elements. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "input:checkbox:checked" ).val(); .val(value) /.val(function(index,value)) 为元素设置值,index和value同样是指在为集合中每个元素设置的时候该元素的index和原value值 Set the value of each element in the set of matched elements. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "input" ).val( ‘hello ); $( "input" ).on( "blur", function() { $( this ).val(function( i, val ) { return val.toUpperCase(); }); }); .attr(attributeName) 获取元素特定属性的值 Get the value of an attribute for the first element in the set of matched elements. 复制代码 代码如下: var title = $( "em" ).attr( "title" ); .attr(attributeName,value) / .attr(attributesJson) / .attr( attributeName, function(index, attr) ) 为元素属性赋值 Set one or more attributes for the set of matched elements. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "#greatphoto" ).attr( "alt", "Beijing Brush Seller" ); $( "#greatphoto" ).attr({ $( "#greatphoto" ).attr( "title", function( i, val ) { .prop( propertyName ) 获取元素某特性值 Get the value of a property for the first element in the set of matched elements. 复制代码 代码如下: $( elem ).prop( "checked" ) .prop(propertyName,value) / .prop(propertiesJson) / .prop(propertyName,function(index,oldPropertyValue)) 为元素特性赋值 Set one or more properties for the set of matched elements. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "input" ).prop( "checked", true ); $( "input[type=checkbox]" ).prop( "checked", function( i, val ) { $( "input[type=checkbox]" ).prop({ 关于attribute 和 property区别可以看看 jQuery的attr与prop
Store arbitrary data associated with the matched elements.The .data() method allows us to attach data of any type to DOM elements in a way that is safe from circular references and therefore from memory leaks. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "body" ).data( "foo", 52 ); $( "body" ).data( "bar", { myType: "test", count: 40 } ); $( "body" ).data( { baz: [ 1, 2, 3 ] } ); .data(key) / .data() 获取获取data设置的数据或者HTML5 data-*属性中的数据 Return the value at the named data store for the first element in the jQuery collection, as set by data(name, value) or by an HTML5 data-* attribute. 复制代码 代码如下: alert( $( "body" ).data( "foo" ) ); alert( $( "body" ).data() ); alert( $( "body" ).data( "foo" ) ); // undefined CSS方法 Determine whether any of the matched elements are assigned the given class. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "#mydiv" ).hasClass( "foo" )
.addClass(className) / .addClass(function(index,currentClass)) 为元素添加class,不是覆盖原class,是追加,也不会检查重复 Adds the specified class(es) to each of the set of matched elements. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "p" ).addClass( "myClass yourClass" ); $( "ul li" ).addClass(function( index ) { removeClass([className]) / ,removeClass(function(index,class)) 移除元素单个/多个/所有class Remove a single class, multiple classes, or all classes from each element in the set of matched elements. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "p" ).removeClass( "myClass yourClass" ); $( "li:last" ).removeClass(function() { return $( this ).prev().attr( "class" ); }); .toggleClass(className) /.toggleClass(className,switch) / .toggleClass([switch]) / .toggleClass( function(index, class, switch) [, switch ] ) toggle是切换的意思,方法用于切换,switch是个bool类型值,这个看例子就明白 Add or remove one or more classes from each element in the set of matched elements, depending on either the classs presence or the value of the switch argument. <div class="tumble">Some text.</div> 第一次执行 复制代码 代码如下: $( "div.tumble" ).toggleClass( "bounce" ) <div class="tumble bounce">Some text.</div> 第二次执行 复制代码 代码如下: $( "div.tumble" ).toggleClass( "bounce" ) <div class="tumble">Some text.</div> 复制代码 代码如下: $( "#foo" ).toggleClass( className, addOrRemove ); // 两种写法意思一样 if ( addOrRemove ) { 复制代码 代码如下: $( "div.foo" ).toggleClass(function() { if ( $( this ).parent().is( ".bar" ) ) { return "happy"; } else { return "sad"; } }); .css(propertyName) / .css(propertyNames) 获取元素style特定property的值 Get the value of style properties for the first element in the set of matched elements. 复制代码 代码如下: var color = $( this ).css( "background-color" ); var styleProps = $( this ).css([ .css(propertyName,value) / .css( propertyName, function(index, value) ) / .css( propertiesJson ) 设置元素style特定property的值 Set one or more CSS properties for the set of matched elements. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "div.example" ).css( "width", function( index ) { return index * 50; }); $( this ).css( "width", "+=200" );
$( this ).css({ 事件方法 .bind( eventType [, eventData ], handler(eventObject) ) 绑定事件处理程序,这个经常用,不多解释 Attach a handler to an event for the elements. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "#foo" ).bind( "click", function() { alert( "User clicked on foo." ); }); .delegate( selector, eventType, handler(eventObject) ) 这个看官方解释吧 Attach a handler to one or more events for all elements that match the selector, now or in the future, based on a specific set of root elements. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "table" ).on( "click", "td", function() {//这样把td的click事件处理程序绑在table上 $( this ).toggleClass( "chosen" ); }); .on( events [, selector ] [, data ], handler(eventObject) ) 1.7后推荐使用,取代bind、live、delegate Attach an event handler function for one or more events to the selected elements. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "#dataTable tbody" ).on( "click", "tr", function() { alert( $( this ).text() ); }); 关于bind、live、delegate、on的区别可以看看 jQuery三种事件绑定方式.bind(),.live(),.delegate() .trigger( eventType [, extraParameters ] ) JavaScript出发元素绑定事件 Execute all handlers and behaviors attached to the matched elements for the given event type. 复制代码 代码如下: $( "#foo" ).trigger( "click" ); .toggle( [duration ] [, complete ] ) / .toggle( options ) 隐藏或显示元素 Display or hide the matched elements. 复制代码 代码如下: $( ".target" ).toggle();$( "#clickme" ).click(function() { $( "#book" ).toggle( "slow", function() { // Animation complete. }); }); 动画/Ajax queue/dequeue/clearQueue delay/stop fadeIn/fadeOut/fadeTo/fadeToggle slideUp/slideDown/slideToggle show/hide Ajax $.ajax $.load $.get 最后 了解了上面这些内容,使用jQuery进行web开发的时候就可以体验到jQuery的威力了 。本文不是jQuery学习指南,仅仅是个常用方法介绍,如果大家想学习jQuery,最好的教材还是jQuery API,本文中示例与英文解释全部来源于jQuery API 。 另外文中介绍内容远远不是jQuery全部,但是首先掌握了这些可以对jQuery有一个比较全面的认识,然后再学习其他内容的时候就可以游刃有余了 。 |